📊 Science

Is working memory related to IQ?

Working memory and fluid IQ (the ability to solve novel problems) correlate strongly — typically r ≈ 0.5–0.6 in meta-analyses. This is one of the highest correlations between any cognitive test and general intelligence.

The relationship is not simply that smart people have better memory — it is that working memory capacity is a core component of fluid intelligence. It limits how many variables you can hold in mind simultaneously when solving a problem, which directly constrains reasoning complexity.

WM predictsCorrelation (r)Strength
Fluid intelligence (IQ)0.50–0.60Strong
Academic achievement0.45–0.55Strong
Reading comprehension0.40–0.50Moderate-strong
Mathematical ability0.45–0.55Strong
Long-term learning rate0.35–0.45Moderate

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