🔬 Science

What factors affect reaction time?

Reaction time is influenced by a wide range of biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Here are the most significant ones, with approximate effect sizes:

FactorEffect on RTDirection
Age (peak ~20–25)3–5ms per decadeSlows with age
Sleep deprivation (1 night)~50msSlower
Caffeine (100–200mg)~10–15msFaster
Alcohol (0.08% BAC)~30msSlower
Warm-up / practice~15–20msFaster
Temperature (cold hands)~5–15msSlower
Stress / anxiety~10–20ms (varies)Faster at low; slower at high
Fatigue (end of long task)~20–40msSlower
Action video game training~15–20msFaster
Stimulus expectancy~20–40msFaster when expected

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